Odlaze cijele porodice: Gradovi u BiH sve prazniji

Prema posljednjem istraživanju, ?etiri od pet mladih u BiH želi da napusti svoju zemlju. Za razliku od prethodnih odlazaka “trbuhom za kruhom”, sada se iseljavaju cijele porodice i ku?e ostaju zaklju?ane. Masovni odlasci nadležne ne zabrinjavaju - oni ovom pitanju ne posve?uju gotovo nikakvu pažnju. Pojava je karakteristi?na i za regiju, pa analiti?ari sve ?eš?e govore da je na djelu „razognjištavanje”.

Tekst objavljen u rubrici Šta drugi pišu preuzimamo s portala Radio Slobodna Evropa.

I bez zvani?nih podataka - jer njih ne nudi bh. vlast, o?igledno je da iz Bosne i Hercegovine odlazi sve više gra?ana, ne samo mladih koji traže prvo zaposlenje. Zemlju napuštaju cijele porodice, što zna?i da kupuju kartu u jednom pravcu. Sve ve?i broj ku?a i domova ostaju zaklju?ani, kao na primjer, u Srednjobosanskom kantonu. Oni koji nisu uspjeli oti?i žale što im se nije ukazala takva prilika:

„Ja, da sam mla?i, ja bih se odmah upis'o da prtljam odavde zato što ovdje nema napretka. Ovi gore, naši, po vladama i predsjedništvima, ?e nas uništiti.“

„Normalno da žele svi da se zaposle. I svojoj bih djeci poželjela da odu negdje gdje je bolje.“

Iz Vinjana, na zapadu Hercegovine, vidi se Hrvatska, odnosno Evropska unija, pa je to još jedan izazov da se napusti rodno mjesto. Jedan od mještana kaže:

„Veliki je egzodus mladih u zemlje Evropske unije, posebice Njema?ku. Samo iz ovog našeg sela imamo preko dvjesto osoba koje su odselile.“

Ubrzano se u?i njema?ki jezik i sa skromnim fondom rije?i, kre?e se u potragu za boljim životom, o ?emu svjedo?e i nastavnice iz Livna:

„Posljednjih godina raste zanimanje za u?enje njema?kog jezika. Uglavnom su to mla?i ljudi, u dvadesetim godinama, ali ima i dosta osoba srednje i starije dobi. Njima su za sada najvažnije osnovne stvari. Neki napuštaju te?aj nakon završenog prvog stupnja i odlaze raditi u Uniju. Naprimjer, nau?e: 'Arbeit, Ich spreche etwas deutsch' i odlaze u Njema?ku.“

Povratak malo vjerovatan

Najviše odlazaka je zabilježeno iz dijelova BiH gdje stanovnici posjeduju hrvatske putovnice, ?ime im je olakšano zapošljavanje u zemljama Evropske unije.

„U Posušju je dosta izražen trend odlaska, kako mladih obitelji tako i mladih pojedinaca. Velika ve?ina nas ovdje ima putovnice Republike Hrvatske, automatski smo time gra?ani Evropske unije, tako da postoji lakša mogu?nost odlaska. Mladi ljudi odlaze naslijepo, zna?i, mladi ljudi iz Bosne i Hercegovine odlaze u Njema?ku ne znaju?i šta ih ?eka u Njema?koj, ne znaju?i da li ?e imati posla ili ne?e, i kakav ?e to biti posao. To može biti pokazatelj ozbiljnosti situacije u kojoj se nalazimo, kad nam mladi ljudi, bilo sa završenim fakultetima ili sa nezavršenim fakultetima odlaze naslijepo. Mnogi mladi ljudi koji sa sobom odvedu i ženu i djecu, ili odlaze kao pojedinci, s gr?em u želucu prelaze granicu Bosne i Hercegovine“, poru?uje Mate Lon?ar iz Vije?a mladih op?ine Posušje.

Odlazak pojedinaca ili cijelih porodica nije karakteristi?an samo za BiH, nego i za regiju, upozorava profesor me?unarodnog prava Anis Bajrektarevi?, koji za masovan odlazak ima i poseban naziv - razognjištavanje:

„Ono što je zanimljivo u Bosni i Hercegovini i ostalim zemljama sljednicama bivše jugoslovenske zajednice je 'razognjištavanje'. Zna?i, ne samo da imamo jedan negativan demografski trend, nego imamo iubrzano razognjištavanje. Ne samo u BiH, nego i u drugim zemljama, koje ?e ostati bez ljudi i stvari. Pogledajte gradske kolodvore, s kojih svakog jutra odlazi najbolji potencijal koji imaju. Re?eno jednostavno, mi ne možemo život da proizvedemo tako lako, sve teže ga proizvodimo, a taj obrazovani, kvalifikovani život, mi ?esto šaljemo u centralnu Evropu i kojekuda drugo“, kaže Bajrektarevi?

Što je posebno zabrinjavaju?e - nakon velikog odlaska tokom ratnih godina oni koji su se uspjeli vratiti, sada ponovo odlaze. Prema podacima Unije za održivi povratak i integracije, Bosnu i Hercegovinu je samo prošle godine napustilo blizu 70.000 ljudi, koji su budu?nost potražili širom svijeta.

„Unsko-sanski kanton, Sanski Most naro?ito u tome prednja?i, negativno, naravno, gdje smo imali 2.300 lica koja su otišla. Ne zaobilazi se tu ni Velika Kladuša, Br?ko, ni Sapna, ni Biha?, Cazin itd. Mi smo samo u tim gradovima zabilježili 12.789 porodica, a svaka porodica ima dva do tri ?lana, pa se vidi koji je to broj odlaska. Zatim Tomislavgrad, mala jedna opština gdje je otišlo 1.500 osoba, pa Br?ko, odakle je otišlo 4.075 lica. Posebno moramo ista?i sjeveroisto?nu Bosnu koja se gotovo iselila u Francusku. Imamo tamo grad Nansi, gdje možemo sada na?i preko 2.300 lica, a taj broj se pove?ava“, navodi neke od podataka predsjednica Unije Mirhunisa Zuki?.

Nekada su iz Bosne i Hercegovine „trbuhom za kruhom” odlazili muškarci, koji su se za zaradom vra?ali ku?i. Danas odlaze cijele porodice, ku?e ostaju zaklju?ane i sve više dvorišta 'krasi' natpis „na prodaju”.

„Ja mislim osobno da je mali postotak i jako mala vjerovatnost da ?e se te obitelji ikada vratiti“, kaže Posušak Mate Lon?ar.

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